are oot." He used to say that soul was nothing apart from the senses, as we learn from Plato in the Tkeaetetus, a and that everything is true. In t another work he began thus : "As to the gods, I have no means of knowing either that they exist or that they do not exist. For many are the obstacles that impede knowledge, both the obscurity of the question and the shortness of human life." For this introduction to his book the Athenians expelled him ; and they burnt his works in the market-place, after sending round a herald to collect them from all who had copies in their possession. He was the first to exact a fee of a hundred minae and the first to distinguish the tenses of verbs, to emphasize the importance of seizing the right moment, to institute contests in debating, and to teach rival pleaders the tricks of their trade. Furthermore, in his dialectic he neglected the meaning in favour of verbal quibbling, and he was the father of the whole tribe of eristical disputants now so much in evidence; insomuch that Timon 6 too speaks of him as c Protagoras, all mankind's epitome, Cunning, I trow, to war with words. He too first introduced the method of discussion which is called Socratic. Again, as we learn from Plato in the Euthydemus, d he was the first to use in discussion the argument of Antisthenes which strives to prove that contradiction is impossible, and the first to point out how to attack and refute any proposition laid down : so Artemidorus the dialectician in his treatise In Reply to ( 'hrysippus. He too invented the shoulder-pad on which porters carry their burdens, so we are told by Aristotle in his treatise On Education ; for he himself had been a porter,