VI. Arar.. Arar is a river in Gallia Celtica, deriving the name from its being mixed with the river Khone. For it falls into the Rhone within the country of the Allobroges. It was formerly called Brigulus, but afterwards changed its name upon this occasion. Arar, as he was a hunting, entering into the wood, and there finding his brother Celtiber torn in pieces by the wild beasts, mortally wounded himself for grief,and fell into the river Brigulus which from that ; accident was afterwards called by his own name Arar. In this river there breeds a certain large fish, which by the natives is called Clupaea. This fish during the increase of the moon is white ; but all the while the moon is in the wane, it is altogether black; and when it grows over bulky, it is (as it were) stabbed by its own fins. In the head of it is found a stone like a corn of salt, which, being applied to the left parts of the body when the moon is in the wane, cures quartan agues — as Callisthenes the ; Sybarite tells us in the Thirteenth Book of Gallic Relations, from whom Timagenes the Syrian borrowed his argument. Near to this river stands a mountain called Lugdunum, which changed its name upon this occasion. When Momorus and Atepomarus were dethroned by Seseroneus, in pursuance of the oracle's command they designed to build a city upon the top of the hill. But when they had laid the foundations, great numbers of crows with their wings expanded covered all the neighboring trees. Upon which Momorus, being a person well skilled in augury, called the city Lugdunum. For lugdon in their language signifies a crow, and dunum* any spacious hill. — This Clitophon reports, in his Tliirteenth Book of the Building of Cities. VIL Pactolus. Pactolus is a river of Lydia, that washes the walls of Sardis, formerly called Chrysorrhoas. For Chrysorrhoas, the son of Apollo and Agathippe, being a mechanic artist, and one that only lived from hand to mouth upon his trade, one time in the middle of the night made bold to . break open the treasury of Croesus and conveying thence ; a good quantity of gold, he made a distribution of it to his family. But being pursued by the king's officers, when he saw he must be taken, he threw himself into the river which was afterwards from his name called Chrysorrhoas, and afterwards changed into that of Pactolus upon this occasion. Pactolus, the son of .and Leucothea, during the . . performance of the mysteries sacred to Venus, ravished Demodice his own sister, not knowing who she was for ; which being overwhelmed with grief, he threw himself into the river Chrysorrhoas, which from that time forward was called Pactolus, from his own name. In this river is found a most pure gold sand, which the force of the stream carries into the bosom of the Happy Gulf. Also in this river is to be found a stone which is called the preserver of the fields, resembling the color of silver, very hard to be found, in regard of its being mixed with the gold sand. The virtue of which is such, that the more wealthy Lydians buy it and lay it at the doors of their treasuries, by which means they preserve their treasure, whatever it be, safe from the seizure of pilfering hands. For upon the approach of thieves or robbers, the stone sends forth a sound like that of a trumpet. Upon which the thieves surprised, and believing themselves apprehended by officers, throw themselves headlong and break their necks insomuch that the place where the thieves ; thus frighted come by their violent deaths is called Pactolus's prison. In this river also there grows an herb that bears a purple flower, and is called chrysopolis by which the inhab; itants of the neighboring cities try their purest gold. For just before they put their gold into the melting-pot, they touch it with this herb ; at what time, if it be pure and unmixed, the leaves of the herb will be tinctured with the • gold and preserve the substance of the matter but if it ; be adulterated, they will not admit the discoloring moisture ; — as Chrysermus relates in his Third Book of Rivers. Near to this river lies the mountain Tmolus, full of all manner of wild beasts, formerly called Carmanorion, from Carmanor the son of Bacchus and Alexirrhoea, who was killed by a wild boar as he was hunting but afterward ; Tmolus upon this occasion. Tmolus, the son of Mars and Theogone, king of Lydia, while lie was a hunting upon Carmanorion, chanced to see the fair virgin Arrhippe that attended upon Diana, and fell passionately in love with her. And such was the heat of his love, that not being able to gain her by fair means, he resolved to vitiate her by force. She, seeing she could by no means escape his fury otherwise, fled to the temple of Diana, where the tyrant, contemning all religion, ravished her, — an infamy which the nymph not being able to survive immediately hanged herself. But Diana would not pass by so great a crime and therefore, to be revenged ; upon the king for his irreligious insolence, she set a mad bull upon him, by which the king being tossed up in the air, and falling down upon stakes and stones, ended his days in torment. But Theocly menus his son, so soon as he had buried his father, altered the name of the mountain, and called it Tmolus after his father's name. Upon this mountain grows a stone not unlike a pumicestone, which is very rare to be found. This stone changes itscolor four times a day and is to be seen only by vir; gins that are not arrived at the years of understanding. But if marriageable virgins happen to see it, they can never receive any injury from those that attempt their chastity ; — as Clitophon reports.