He began to write a history in his youth with the encouragement of Titus Livius® and the direct help of Sulpicius Flavus. But when he gave his first reading to a large audience, he had difficulty in finishing, since he more than once threw cold water on his own performance. For at the beginning of the reading the breaking down of several benches by a fat man raised a laugh, and even after the disturbance was quieted, Claudius could not keep from recalling the incident and renewing his guffaws. Even while he was emperor he wrote a good deal and gave constant recitals through a professional reader.¢ He began his history with the death of the dictator Caesar, but passed to a later period and took a fresh start that he was account at the end not allowed of the earlier of the civil war, realising to give a frank or true times, since he was often taken to task both by his mother and his grand290 mother.* He left two books of the earlier history, but forty-one of the later. He also composed an autobiography in eight books, lacking rather in good taste than in style, as well as a “ Defence of Cicero against the Writings of Asinius Gallus,’ a work of no little learning. Besides this he invented three new letters and added them to the alphabet, maintaining that they were greatly needed ;° he published a book on their theory when he was still in private life, and when he became emperor had no difficulty in bringing about their general use. These characters may still be seen in numerous books, in the daily gazette,° and in inscriptions on public buildings.