having learnt geometry from the Egyptians, he was the first to inscribe a right-angled triangle in a circle, whereupon he sacrificed an ox. Others tell this tale of Pythagoras, amongst them Apollodorus the arithmetician. (It was Pythagoras who developed to their furthest extent the discoveries attributed by Callimachus in his Jambics to Euphorbus_ the Phrygian, I mean “ scalene triangles ’’ and whatever else has to do with theoretical geometry.*) Thales is also credited with having given excellent advice on political matters. For instance, when Croesus sent to Miletus offering terms of alliance, he frustrated the plan ; and this proved the salvation of the city when Cyrus obtained the victory. Heraclides makes Thales himself ® say that he had always lived in solitude as a private individual and kept aloof from State affairs. Some authorities say that he married and had a son Cybisthus; others that he remained unmarried and adopted his sister’s son, and that when he was asked why he had no children of his own he replied “‘ because he loved children.” The story is told that, when his mother tried to force him to marry, he replied it was too soon, and when she pressed him again later in life, he replied that it was too late. Hieronymus of Rhodes in the second book of his Scattered Notes relates that, in order to show how easy it is to grow rich, Thales, - foreseeing that it would be a good season for olives, rented all the oil-mills and thus amassed a fortune.° His doctrine was that water is the universal primary substance, and that the world is animate and full of divinities. He is said to have discovered