gel close to the tower and then learn what it looks like at close quarters.'^ iJThey affirm that there are two states of feeling, pleasure and pain, which arise in every animate being, and that the one is favourable and the other hostile to that being, and by their means choice and avoidance are determined b ; and that there are two kinds of inquiry, the one concerned with things, the other with nothing but words. So much, then, for his division d and criterion in their main outline. But we must return to the letter.^ " Epicurus to Herodotus, greeting. " For those who are unable to study carefully all my physical writings or to go into the longer treatises at all, I have myself prepared an epitome f of the whole system, Herodotus, to preserve in the memory enough of the principal doctrines, 9 to the end that on every occasion they may be able to aid themselves on the most important points, so far as they take up the study of Physics. Those who have made some advance in the survey of the entire system ought to fix in their minds under the principal headings an have been entrusted to a scribe to copy, just as it was : scholia and marginal notes, even where they interrupt the thread of the argument, have been faithfullv reproduced. See §§ 39, 40, 43, 44, 50, 66, 71, 73, 74, 7.5. f This, as the most authentic summary of Epicurean physics which we possess, serves as a groundwork in modern hi>tories, e.g. Zeller's. The reader may also consult with advantage Giussani, Studi Lucreziani (vol. i. of his Lucretius) ; Bignone, Epicurea, pp. 71-113 ; Hicks, Stoic and Epicurean, pp. 118-181. 9 Only the principal doctrines are contained in this epistle ; more, both general and particular, was given in the Larger Compendium.