Q. Fabius Maxil1tUS n011tinated Dictator.-Before they had formed any definite plans, a fresh disaster was announced; 4000 cavalry under the command of C. Centenius, the propraetor, had been sent by the consul Servilius to the assistance of his colleague. When they heard of the battle at 'Trasumennus they marched into Umbria, and here they ,vere surrounded and captured by Hannibal. The news of this occurrence affected men in very different ways. Some, whose thoughts ,vere preoccupied with more serious troubles, looked upon this loss of cavalry as a light matter in comparison with the previous losses; others estimated the importance of the incident not by the magnitude of the loss but by its moral effect. Just as where the constitution is impaired, any malady however slight is felt more than it ,vould be in a strong robust person, so any misfortune which befell the State in its present sick and disordered condition must be measured not by its actual importance but by its effect ton a State already exhausted and unable to bear anything which ,vould aggravate its condition. Accordingly the citizens took refuge in a remedy vvhich for a long time had not been made use of or required, namely the appointment of a Dictator. As the consul by whom alone one could be nominated vvas absent, and it "vas not easy for a messenger or a despatch to be sent through Italy, overrun as it was by the arms of Carthage, and as it would have been contrary to all precedent for the people to appoint a Dictator, the Assembly invested Q. Fabius Maximus ,vith dictatorial powers 2 and appointed 1:. Minucius Rufus to act as his Master of the Horse. They were ,commissioned by the senate to strengthen the walls and towers of the City and place garrisons in whatever positions they thought pest, and cut down the bridges over the various rivers, for now it was a fight for their City and their homes, since they were no longer able to defend Italy.